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Fluoride Poisoning (Toxicity) Symptoms, Effects and Treatment
Posted by Dr. Chris
What is fluoride?

Fluoride is a halide and the reduced form of fluorine, a naturally occurring element. It is found in many different forms in a range of household substances like toothpaste, insecticides and certain dietary supplements. It is probably best known for playing an important role in dental health by preventing dental caries and assisting with tooth strength.

Effects of Fluoride

Fluoride in water and toothpaste works in two ways for maintaining strong and healthy teeth. In assists with the remineralization of damaged teeth and prevents the acid produced by bacteria from breaking down enamel (demineralization).

In terms of fluoride toxicity, the high levels of fluoride in the system may have a range of the effects.

Irritation of the mucosal lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
Binds to calcium ions and affects utilization.
Affects a number of enzymes responsible for energy production, transmission of nerve impulses and blood coagulation.
Increases levels of potassium in the blood.
Calcification of ligaments.
Types of Fluoride Products

Toothpaste and other oral hygiene products – sodium monofluorophosphate
Dietary supplements (vitamins and minerals) – sodium fluoride
Glass etching, chrome cleaning agents – ammonium bifluoride
Insecticides/pesticides – sodium fluoride
Fluoride Exposure and Toxicity

The controversy over fluoride poisoning or fluorosis revolves around high fluoride levels in drinking water. The accepted range of fluoride in water in 0.7 to 1.2 ppm. Drinking water with levels of fluoride exceeding 2ppm should not be consumed, especially by children. Levels moderately higher than this may cause mild signs and symptoms of poisoning but levels exceeding 10 ppm can cause serious symptoms and even result in death.

Other methods of excessive fluoride exposure include accidental or intentional consumption of insecticides or exposure to fluoride dust in industrial settings.

Signs and Symptoms of Fluoride Poisoning

White specks or streak to yellow-brown discoloration of the teeth.
Pitting of the teeth.
Damage of tooth enamel – teeth are more prone to cavities.
Increased salivation (hypersalivation).
Nausea with or without vomiting.
Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia).
Abdominal pain.
Diarrhea.
Muscle spasms.
Muscle weakness.
Headaches.
Tremors.
Arrhythmias.
Joint stiffness.
Shortness of breath (dyspnea).