How does a camera work?

Cameras are everywhere! There are probably 2 or even 3 cameras in your pocket right now. But how do they work? How can they take some of the most amazing pictures ever?

Table of Contents:
0:20 Section 1: Intro
1:10 Section 2: System Layout
3:51 Section 3: Analogy between a Smartphone & a Human
7:45 Section 4: Camera and Sensor Details
11:30 Section 5: Questions & Thought Experiment