Levonorgestrel (Morning After Pill) - Mechanism Of Action, Dose, Adverse Effects

Levonorgestrel, also known as the morning after pill, is the first line emergency contraceptive pill to prevent pregnancy.
It is available as an over the counter medication at local pharmacies.
It is also available as a combined oral contraceptive pill with estradiol as a long term option for birth control.
There is also a levonorgestrel releasing intra uterine device, to prevent pregnancy as a long term option.
Off label uses include, treatment of endometrial hyperplasia, heavy menstrual bleeding, endometriosis, and menopausal hormone therapy.
Levonorgestrel is a second generation synthetic progesterone, that binds to progesterone and androgen receptors, and inhibits the release of GNRH hormone from the hypothalamus. This will suppress the normal physiological LH hormone surge, which is required for the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum. So, this will result in the inhibition of ovulation. It has been proven to be more effective when administered before ovulation.
For emergency contraception, the recommended dose of levonorgestrel is 1.5 mg oral tablet, taken within 72 hours following unprotected sexual intercourse. Adverse effects are minimal, and may include menstrual abnormalities. Nausea and vomiting. And headache. It is important to note that this is not a viable long term option for contraception. And it does not prevent people from getting sexually transmitted infections.

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