Robotic peacekeeping: Police deniability and lower budgets - UK Column News - 25th November 2022

- Robot police now a reality with artificial intelligence
- Mission Local: San Francisco Police Dept authorized to kill suspects using robots in draft policy
- Legal framework for this: Law Enforcement use of Equipment Policy: Inventory acquired prior to January 2022, Police Department (City of San Francisco)
- Robots will only be used as a deadly force option when risk of loss of life to members of the public or officers is imminent and outweighs any other force option available to SFPD
- Section 5
Patrick Henningsen commentary: What is the endgame here? Deadly force by machine error is a legal category all of its own—where is the liability?
- In 2016 Dallas shooting, police used a robot
- Texas Tribune: Police use of robot to kill Dallas suspect unprecedented, experts say (2016)
- Patrick Henningsen: A robot lobbed in a grenade to dispatch the cornered shooter before any investigation whatsoever had taken place
- America's Lawyer: Police arming robots with shotguns
- Policing Insight: Cops and robots: The "new normal" for UK police with an automated workforce
- Guardian: "Robot soldiers could make up ¼ of British army by 2030s"—citing General Sir Nick Carter (2020)
- UN General Assembly says this should be illegal nearly a decade ago
- Report of the Special Rapporteur on extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, Christof Heyns (9 April 2013)—admission that there is no legal framework for robocops
- Journal of Institutional Economics—Liability for robots I: legal challenges
- Propose a new liability regime which blends negligence-based rules and strict manufacturer liability rules to create optimal incentives for robot torts [...] The social cost of machine error promises to be drastically lower than that of human negligence. We should therefore welcome the development of robot technology.
- Patrick Henningsen: This robocopisation is clearly being driven by the lawyers

Sources:
https://www.ukcolumn.org/video/uk-column-news-25th-november-2022