WONDERLAND INDONESIA

known by the official name of the Republic of Indonesia or more fully the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia , is an archipelago country in Southeast Asia that is crossed by the equator and is located between the continents of Asia and Oceania . , so it is known as a transcontinental country , as well as between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean .

Indonesia is the 14th largest country as well as the largest archipelagic country in the world with an area of ​​1,910,931 km², [16] and the 6th most island country in the world, with a total of 17,504 islands. [17] An alternative name used for the Indonesian archipelago is called Nusantara . [18] In addition, Indonesia is also the 4th most populous country in the world with a population reaching 270,203,917 people in 2020, [19] as well as the country with the largest Muslim population in the world , with more than 230 million adherents. [20] [21]Indonesia is a multiracial, multiethnic and multicultural country in the world, just like the United States of America . [22]

Indonesia borders a number of countries in Southeast Asia and Oceania . Indonesia shares land borders with Malaysia on the islands of Borneo and Sebatik , with Papua New Guinea on New Guinea Island , and with Timor Leste on Timor . The countries that only share sea borders with Indonesia are Singapore , the Philippines , Australia , and the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in India .

Indonesia is a unitary state with a republican form of government based on a valid constitution, namely the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (1945 Constitution). [23] Also based on the 1945 Constitution, the People's Representative Council (DPR), the Regional Representative Council (DPD), and the President are nominated and then elected in general elections.

The current capital city of Indonesia is Jakarta . On January 18, 2022, the Indonesian government established the Archipelago Capital on the island of Kalimantan, which occupies the area of ​​North Penajam Paser Regency , to replace Jakarta as the new capital. [24] Until 2022, the process of moving the capital city is still ongoing.

The history of Indonesia has been heavily influenced by immigrants and colonizers. The Indonesian Archipelago became an important trading area since the 7th century, namely since the founding of Sriwijaya , a Hindu-Buddhist patterned kingdom centered in Palembang . The Sriwijaya kingdom established religious and trade relations with the Chinese , Indians and also Arabs . Hinduism-Buddhism religion and culture grew, developed, and assimilated in the Indonesian archipelago in the early 4th to 13th centuries AD. After that, traders and scholars from the Arabian Peninsulawho brought Islamic religion and culture around the 8th century to the 16th century. At the end of the 15th century, Europeans came to the Indonesian archipelago and fought for a monopoly on the spice trade in Maluku during the Age of Exploration . After being under the Dutch colonialism , Indonesia, which was then called the Dutch East Indies , declared independence at the end of World War II , on August 17, 1945 to be precise. Furthermore, Indonesia faced various challenges and serious problems, ranging from natural disasters , massive corruption practices, social conflict, separatism movement , processdemocratization , and a period of development, change and socio-economic-political development, as well as rapid modernization .

Indonesia consists of various ethnic groups, languages ​​and religions. Based on the national family, Indonesia consists of indigenous peoples, namely Austronesians and Melanesians , where the Austronesians are the largest in number and mostly inhabit the western part of Indonesia. The Javanese and Sundanese make up the largest ethnic group with a percentage reaching 57% of the entire population of Indonesia. [25] Indonesia's national motto, " Unity in Diversity " (Different but still one), means the socio-cultural diversity that forms a unified country. Besides having a dense population and a large area, Indonesia has a nature that supports the level2nd largest biodiversity in the world.

Indonesia is a member of the United Nations (UN) and the only member that has ever left the UN, namely on January 7, 1965, and rejoined on September 28, 1966. Indonesia is still declared as the 60th member, the membership since Indonesia joined on September 28, 1950. Apart from the United Nations, Indonesia is also a member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), Non-Aligned Movement (NAM), Asia-Africa Conference (KAA), Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), and G20