DAWN PHENOMENON VS SOMOGYI EFFECT

#SomogyiEffect #DawnPhenomenon #Diabetes

In this video Brigitte MSN/NED, FNP-C explains the difference between the Somogyi Effect and the Dawn Phenomenon and the appropriate interventions. After this video you will never confuse the two concepts again.

The Somogyi effect leads to high blood glucose levels in people with diabetes. It happens when low blood sugar triggers a rebound effect, leading to high blood sugar.
If a person notices high blood glucose levels in the morning, the Somogyi effect may be responsible, but the rise could have resulted from a similar effect, called the dawn phenomenon.
Many people know about the Somogyi effect, but it remains controversial due to a lack of scientific evidence. People with type 1 diabetes are more likely to experience it than people with type 2 diabetes.
Distinguishing between the Somogyi effect and the dawn phenomenon is important, as it may indicate that a person needs to adjust their treatment plan.
The Somogyi effect is named after Michael Somogyi, a Hungarian American researcher, who first described it.
It happens when the body’s defenses respond to long periods of low blood sugar. This can occur when a person exercises a lot, goes a long time without a snack, or takes more insulin before bed than they need.
Insulin reduces the amount of glucose in the blood. If glucose levels fall too far, low blood sugar results. The medical term for low blood sugar is hypoglycemia.

Hypoglycemia puts stress on the body, and this can trigger the release of hormones. These include the stress hormones:
• cortisol
• epinephrine (adrenaline)
• growth hormone
• glucagon

Glucagon triggers the liver to convert stores of glycogen into glucose. This can cause blood glucose levels to rebound high.

Symptoms of the Somogyi effect start with high blood glucose levels upon waking that do not respond to increased insulin doses.
The symptoms also include low blood glucose levels at 2:00 a.m. or 3:00 a.m. as well as the following, which are symptoms of low blood sugar:
• night sweats
• a rapid heart rate
• waking up with a headache
• blurred vision
• confusion
• dizziness
• dry mouth
• fatigue
• increased appetite
• thirst

DAWN PHENOMENON
The dawn phenomenon, also called the dawn effect, is the term used to describe an abnormal early-morning increase in blood sugar (glucose) — usually between 2 a.m. and 8 a.m. — in people with diabetes.
Some researchers believe the natural overnight release of the so-called counter-regulatory hormones — including growth hormone, cortisol, glucagon and epinephrine — increases insulin resistance, causing blood sugar to rise. High morning blood sugar may also be caused by insufficient insulin the night before, insufficient anti-diabetic medication dosages or carbohydrate snack consumption at bedtime.
If you have persistently elevated blood sugar in the morning, checking your blood sugar once during the night — around 2 a.m. or 3 a.m. — for several nights in a row will help you and your doctor determine if you have the dawn phenomenon or if there's another reason for an elevated morning blood sugar reading.

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