PROM overview

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Premature rupture of membranes
Layers of tissue called the amniotic sac hold the fluid that surrounds a baby in the womb. In most cases, these membranes rupture during labour or within 24 hours before starting labour. Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) is said to occur when the membranes break before the 37th week of pregnancy.

What is PROM?
Amniotic fluid is the water that surrounds your baby in the womb. Membranes or layers of tissue hold in this fluid. This membrane is called the amniotic sac.

Often, the membranes rupture (break) during labour. This is often called "when the water breaks."

Sometimes the membranes break before a woman goes into labour. When the water breaks early, it is called premature rupture of membranes (PROM). Most women will go into labour on their own within 24 hours.

If the water breaks before the 37th week of pregnancy, it is called preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM). The earlier your water breaks, the more serious it is for you and your baby.

Why Does PROM Happen?
In most cases, the cause of PROM is unknown. Some causes or risk factors may be:

Infections of the uterus, cervix, or vagina
Too much stretching of the amniotic sac (this may happen if there is too much fluid, or more than one baby putting pressure on the membranes)
Smoking
If you have had surgery or biopsies of the cervix
If you were pregnant before and had a PROM or PPROM
Most women whose water breaks before labour do not have a risk factor