What is Capacitor? How does a Capacitor work?

Hello friends! In this lesson, I will explain the structure and working principle of the capacitor without explaining capacitor types. Capacitor is a passive circuit element that is used to store electrical charges for a short time. It is formed by placing an insulating material between two metal materials. It is the indispensable circuit element of electricity and electronics.

Today Capacitors are produced in different shapes, sizes, operating voltages and capacities, as you can see here. General purposes of capacitors are the process of storing short-term electricity, filtering in rectifier circuits and compensation. If we talk about the difference between cell and battery and capacitor; we can say that while electrical energy is stored in the cell and battery through chemical reaction, this energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of holding electrons in an electric field.
Capacitors are ideal for use when we need to much energy in a short time. In cameras, flash is an example of a capacitor storing the voltage and suddenly delivering it as high voltage. Capacitor circuit is indicated by the letter C. Its unit is Farad.

The capacity value is calculated by dividing the load amount by the voltage value. For example; If 1 Volt and 1 Coulomb of charge can be stored, this is equal to 1 Farad. In other words, a capacitor that can store 6.25x1018 (six point twenty five times ten to the power of eighteen) electrons with a voltage of 1 Volt is worth 1 Farad. In the same way, if 1 Volt and 2 Coulomb loads can be stored, this is equal to 2 Farads. Farad unit is an enormous value. In capacitors, smaller values such as Milli, Mikro and Piko are generally used.

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