Depolarization vs. Repolarization of the Heart *EXPLAINED*

What is the difference between depolarization and repolarization of the heart? Watch this quick video to find out!
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The heart is composed of specialized cells that work together to maintain a rhythmic heartbeat. The conduction system of the heart is responsible for generating electrical signals that cause the heart to contract and relax. The depolarization and repolarization of these cells play a crucial role in this process.

➡️ Depolarization
Depolarization is the process by which the cells of the heart become less negative and contract. When the cells are at rest, they are negatively charged or polarized. However, when an electrical impulse is generated, the cells become depolarized. This occurs when the concentration of ions changes, specifically when sodium ions rush into the cells. The sodium ions move into the cells through ion channels, which are specialized proteins embedded in the cell membrane. Once the sodium ions enter the cells, they cause the cells to become positively charged, which results in the depolarization of the cells. This causes the cells to contract and push blood through the heart. After depolarization and contraction, the cells need to relax, which is referred to as repolarization.

➡️ Repolarization
Repolarization is the process by which the cells return to their negatively charged state. This occurs when the cell membrane becomes more permeable to potassium ions, which exit the cell. The loss of positive ions causes the cells to become negatively charged again, leading to relaxation. The process of depolarization and repolarization creates the electrical activity of the heart, which is represented as a PQRST waveform on an electrocardiogram (EKG).

➡️ Electrical Activity
The sinoatrial node, also known as the pacemaker, is responsible for setting the heart’s rhythm. The wave of depolarization that originates from the SA node is responsible for causing the atria to contract. This is known as the P wave on an EKG reading. The impulse is received by the AV node, which causes a short delay. This delay is interpreted as the PR interval on an EKG reading. Then the stimulus moves through the bundle of His, through the left and right bundle branches, and into the Purkinje fibers. This produces ventricular depolarization, and contraction occurs, which can be seen as the QRS complex. Then, the heart enters into a short period of repolarization, which is a period where no electrical activity can be detected. This is known as the ST segment on an EKG reading. Finally, the heart enters a period of recovery where the SA node is recharged, and another cycle can begin.

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🚑MEDICAL DISCLAIMER
This content is for educational and informational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult with a physician with any questions that you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you watch in this video. We strive for 100% accuracy, but errors may occur, and medications, protocols, and treatment methods may change over time.

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⏰TIMESTAMPS
0:00 - Intro
0:55 - Depolarization
1:47 - Repolarization
2:22 - Sinoatrial Node

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#Depolarization #Repolarization #EKG #heart