Earth "average " T°, sheer nonsense , falsely calculated from Boltzmann rel..

3.7.3 The case of purely radiative balance If only thermal radiation was possible for the heat transfer of a radiation-exposed body one would use Stefan-Boltzmann’s law S(T) = σT4 (70) to calculate the ground temperature determined by this balance. The irradiance S has di[1]mensions of a power density and σ is the Stefan-Boltzmann constant given by σ = 2π 5k 4 15c 2h 3 = 5.670400 · 10−8 W m2K4 (71) For example, the energy flux density of a black body at room temperature 300 K is approxi[1]mately S( T =300 K ) = 459 W/m 2 (72) One word of caution is needed here: As already emphasized in Section 2.1.5 the constant σ appearing in the T 4 law is not a universal constant of physics. Furthermore, a gray radiator must be described by a temperature dependent σ(T) spoiling the T 4 law. Rigorously speaking, for real objects Equation (70) is invalid. Therefore all crude approximations relying on T 4 expressions need to be taken with great care. In fact, though popular in global climatology, they prove nothing! 21The second and the third type are beautifully related by the correspondence of the v. Klitzing resistance RvK ≈ 25, 813 kΩ with the characteristic impedance Z0 ≈ 376, 73 Ω via the Sommerfeld fine structure constant α = Z0/2RvK ≈ 1/137, 036 [162]. Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects . . . 61 In the balance equation σ · T 4 Earth’s ground = σ · T 4 Sun · R 2 Sun R2 Earth’s orbit (73) one may insert a general phenomenological normalization factor at the right side, leaving room for a fine tuning and inclusion of geometric factors.22 Thus one may write σ · T 4 Earth’s ground = · σ · 57804 · 1 46225 = · 1368 W/m 2 = · s (74) which yields TEarth’s ground = √4 · 5780 √ 215 K = √4 · 394.2 K (75) s is the solar constant. With the aid of Equation (75) one calculates the values displayed in Table 10. TEarth’s ground [K] TEarth’s ground [ ◦C] 1.00 394.2 121.2 0.70 360.6 87.6 0.62 349.8 76.8 Table 10: Effective temperatures TEarth’s ground in dependence of the phenomenological nor[1]malization parameter . Only the temperature measured in the Sun inside the car bears some similarity with the three ones calculated here. Therefore, the radiation balance does not determine the temperature outside the car! In contrast to this, Table 11 displays the “average effective” temperatures of the ground, which according to climatological consensus are used to “explain” the atmospheric greenhouse effect. The factor of a quarter is introduced by “distributing” the incoming solar radiation seeing a cross section σEarth over the global surface ΩEarth σEarth ΩEarth = π · R 2 Earth 4π · R2 Earth = 1 4 (76) The fictitious natural greenhouse effect is the difference between the “average effective” temperature of −18 ◦C and the Earth’s “observed” average temperature of +15 ◦C. 22The factor ε is related to the albedo A of the Earth describing her reflectivity: A = 1 − ε. In the earlier literature one often finds A = 0.5 for the Earth, in current publications A = 0.3. The latter value is used here. 62 Gerhard Gerlich and Ralf D. Tscheuschner TEarth’s ground [K] TEarth’s ground [ ◦C] 0.25 · 1.00 278.7 5.7 0.25 · 0.70 255.0 −18.0 0.25 · 0.62 247.4 −25.6 Table 11: Effective “average” temperatures Tground in dependence of the phenomenologica