Spinach and Kidney Stones

Research and a 2023 review show RAW SPINACH and Oxalate rich foods are not a root cause or risk factor for Oxalate stone formation in the human body, but here is what is:
🍩Liver Dysfunction (more Oxalate is produced in liver dysfunction)
🦴Low Calcium Diet (calcium binds to Oxalate to reduce excretion in the urine)
🦠Gut Dysbiosis lacking Oxalate degrading strains (Oxalobacter, Bifidobacteria, Lactobacillus)
🧬RARELY - Your Genetics
🍄Fungal Overgrowth (in theory)

Source PMID:37342493