Uzbeg (Özbeg) Khan (1282–1341), was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde, which was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. Öz Beg maintained one of the largest armies in the world, which exceeded 300,000 warriors and was enmeshed in the disputes and political life of eastern Europe, being a kingmaker in both Russia and Bulgaria, as well as a son-in-law of the Byzantine Emperor. Öz Beg was very tolerant of Christians as exemplified by a letter of thanks he received from Pope John XXII in which the Christian leader thanked Öz Beg for his kind treatment of Christians. He also permitted the establishment of Genoese trading colonies on the southern shores of the Crimean Peninsula. You can watch our full video on Ibn Battuta's Journey through the lands of the Golden Horde here: https://youtu.be/FavaU9D9lf8 #Özbeg #Uzbeg #khan #goldenhorde #mongolempire #history #documentary #ibnbattuta If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au

Robert FitzRoy was the Captain of the Beagle, due to set out on an important voyage to test the latest Navy Chronometer and accurately locate the longitude of important ports around the globe. Prone to chronic depression, he put out a request for a suitably qualified gentleman to come along and keep him company during the long and arduous voyage. A restless young Charles Darwin was invited to join him and the rest is history. The collection of bio-geological specimens was a welcome intellectual distraction for both crew and passengers, and was quite the team effort. Darwin's later failure to acknowledge the contribution of FitzRoy and his crew in both the tasks of collecting as well as formulating his theories sewed the seeds for later animosity towards him. This short excerpt looks at some of this controversy, but you can view the entire video on the enigmatic figure of FitzRoy here: https://youtu.be/rcqce8Se5Io #darwin #charlesdarwin #robertfitzroy #fitzroy #beagle #evolution If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au

Napoleon's Iberian Campaign, known as the Peninsular War was a catastrophic disaster for Spain - not only in terms of the casualties and sheer destruction, but also for the political divisions is stoked within the country. Many favoured the progressive social reforms that accompanied the Napoleonic Code of Law, which others saw their national identity, monarchy and religious culture subsumed by a foreign French influence. Moreover, the inability of the mother country to oversee and manage its own affairs, only highlighted its complete impotence in managing the affairs of its colonies, who increasingly came to see a need for greater autonomy, or even outright independence. This excerpt is part of our longer two-part documentary on the Libertador: Jose de San Martin, part one of which you can view here: https://youtu.be/G7HbH9dgu_M #napoleon #peninsularwar #spain #sanmartín #history