Laws Governing Organ/Tissue Transplantation; Donor Organ Harvesting and Organ Synthesis

Beyond juxtaposing the advantages and disadvantages of grafting human donor organs (HDO) and techno-borne organs (TBO), this effort is a comparative analysis of enforceability, limits, and conflicts of the laws governing the HDO and TBO procurement, storage, and use. Specific concerns are : (1) defining “death” while harvesting organs/tissues from the unconsented donors (persons presumably diseased from accidents, incidents, legal executions, as well as
viable fetuses); (2) patenting inventions (synthetic or semisynthetic organs); (3) the recipient's constitutional right to refuse scientific study or publication; (4) the recipient's advance directive (living will) dissenting autopsy and TBO recycling.
“Techno-borne organs” (TBO), a term invented by Naira, is broader than “synthetic organs” as it includes artificial (engineered) organs as well as neuro-stimulators, prosthetics, scaffolds, induced pluripotent stem cells (IPSC), human tissue or purified protein polymers, implant microchips, pumps, encapsulated cells (autologous, syngenic, isogenic).