chapter 3.7.7 GUERLISCH And TSCHEUCHNER study.

3.7.7 Non-existence of a global temperature In the preceding sections mathematical and physical arguments have been presented that the notion of a global temperature is meaningless. Recently, Essex, McKitrick, and Andresen showed [169]: Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects . . . 67 “that there is no physically meaningful global temperature for the Earth in the context of the issue of global warming. While it is always possible to construct statistics for any given set of local temperature data, an infinite range of such statistics is mathematically permissible if physical principles provide no explicit basis for choosing among them. Distinct and equally valid statistical rules can and do show opposite trends when applied to the results of computations from physical models and real data in the atmosphere. A given temperature field can be interpreted as both ‘warming’ and ‘cooling’ simultaneously, making the concept of warming in the context of the issue of global warming physically ill-posed.” Regardless of any ambiguities, a global mean temperature could only emerge out of many lo[1]cal temperatures. Without knowledge of any science everybody can see, how such a changing average near-ground temperature is constructed: There is more or less sunshine on the ground due to the distribution of clouds. This determines a field of local near-ground temperatures, which in turn determines the change of the distribution of clouds and, hence, the change of the temperature average, which is evidently independent of the carbon dioxide concentration. Mathematically, an evolution of a temperature distribution may be phenomenologically de[1]scribed by a differential equation. The averages are computed afterwards from the solution of this equation. However, one cannot write down a differential equation directly for averages.

3.7.7 Non-existence of a global temperature In the preceding sections mathematical and physical arguments have been presented that the notion of a global temperature is meaningless. Recently, Essex, McKitrick, and Andresen showed [169]: Falsification Of The Atmospheric CO2 Greenhouse Effects . . . 67 “that there is no physically meaningful global temperature for the Earth in the context of the issue of global warming. While it is always possible to construct statistics for any given set of local temperature data, an infinite range of such statistics is mathematically permissible if physical principles provide no explicit basis for choosing among them. Distinct and equally valid statistical rules can and do show opposite trends when applied to the results of computations from physical models and real data in the atmosphere. A given temperature field can be interpreted as both ‘warming’ and ‘cooling’ simultaneously, making the concept of warming in the context of the issue of global warming physically ill-posed.” Regardless of any ambiguities, a global mean temperature could only emerge out of many lo[1]cal temperatures. Without knowledge of any science everybody can see, how such a changing average near-ground temperature is constructed: There is more or less sunshine on the ground due to the distribution of clouds. This determines a field of local near-ground temperatures, which in turn determines the change of the distribution of clouds and, hence, the change of the temperature average, which is evidently independent of the carbon dioxide concentration. Mathematically, an evolution of a temperature distribution may be phenomenologically de[1]scribed by a differential equation. The averages are computed afterwards from the solution of this equation. However, one cannot write down a differential equation directly for averages.