Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) | Causes, Symptoms And Preventions (3D Animation)

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Coronary artery disease
The coronary arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood to your heart. Through blood, these arteries supply oxygen and nutrients to your heart. Coronary artery disease is the narrowing or blockage of these coronary arteries. This condition is usually caused by atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is the buildup of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in your artery walls. This buildup is called plaque. Your arteries become narrow as a result of the plaque, preventing blood flow. And If the heart does not get enough blood, it cannot get the oxygen and nutrients it needs to work properly. This can cause chest pain (angina) or a heart attack.
Let us see that how does plaque build-up in the arteries?
Healthy coronary arteries are smooth and elastic.
Coronary artery disease is thought to begin with damage or injury to the inner layer of a coronary artery. The damage may be caused by various factors, including:
• Smoking
• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Diabetes
• Aging and Not being active.
Because of these risk factors, Coronary artery disease starts by the builds up of fat, causing minor damage to your blood vessel walls. With time, other substances that move through your bloodstream, such as inflammatory cells, cellular waste products, proteins, and calcium, stick to the vessel walls. These things combine with the fat and form plaque.
If your coronary arteries narrow, they can't supply enough oxygen-rich blood to your heart — especially when it's beating hard, such as during exercise leading to a chest pain called Angina.
And sometimes the plaque surface breaks or ruptures, and blood cells called platelets clump together at the site to try to repair the artery. This clump can block the artery, leading to a heart attack.
Symptoms
If your coronary arteries narrow, they can't supply enough oxygen-rich blood to your heart. At first, the decreased blood flow may not cause any symptoms. however, as plaque continues to build up in your coronary arteries, you may experience the following signs and symptoms of coronary artery disease.
• Chest pain (angina). You may feel pressure or tightness in your chest as if someone was standing on your chest. This pain is called angina. It usually occurs on the middle or left side of the chest. Angina is generally triggered by physical or emotional stress. The pain usually goes away within minutes after stopping the stressful activity
• Shortness of breath. If your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs, you may develop shortness of breath or extreme fatigue with activity.
• Heart attack. A completely blocked coronary artery will cause a heart attack. The classic signs and symptoms of a heart attack include crushing pressure in your chest and pain in your shoulder or arm, sometimes with shortness of breath and sweating.
Prevention
Coronary artery disease is treated with lifestyle changes. A healthy lifestyle can help keep your arteries strong and clear of plaque. To improve your heart health, follow these tips:
• Quit smoking.
• Maintain blood pressure, cholesterol, and diabetes under control.
• Stay physically active.
• Eat a low-fat, low-salt diet that's rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains.
• Maintain a healthy weight.
• Reduce and manage stress.

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