Top 7 Causes of Dry Eyes Explained

Dry eye syndrome, characterized by insufficient lubrication on the surface of the eyes, can lead to discomfort, visual disturbances, and, in severe cases, damage to the cornea. Understanding the root causes of dry eyes is essential for identifying effective treatments and preventive measures. Here’s a comprehensive look at the top 10 causes of dry eyes:

1. Digital Screen Use

Extended periods of screen time lead to reduced blinking rates, which can significantly decrease tear film stability and increase tear evaporation, resulting in dry eyes.
3. Environmental Factors

Exposure to dry, windy, or smoky conditions can increase tear evaporation. Air conditioning and heating systems, which reduce indoor humidity, can also contribute to dry eyes.
4. Medications

Certain medications, including antihistamines, decongestants, blood pressure medications, and antidepressants, can reduce tear production as a side effect, leading to dry eye symptoms.
5. Contact Lens Wear

Long-term use of contact lenses can irritate the eyes and disrupt the natural tear film, contributing to dryness and discomfort.
6. Autoimmune Disorders

Conditions like Sjögren's syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus can affect the body's ability to produce tears, leading to chronic dry eyes.
7. Hormonal Changes

Hormonal fluctuations, particularly during pregnancy, menopause, or as a result of contraceptive use, can affect tear production and composition, making dry eyes more prevalent in women.
8. Eyelid Problems

Issues with eyelid anatomy or function, such as incomplete blinking or eyelid disorders like blepharitis (inflammation of the eyelids), can prevent the proper distribution of tears across the eye surface.
9. Refractive Eye Surgeries

Procedures like LASIK can disrupt the corneal nerves responsible for tear production, leading to temporary or, in some cases, long-term dry eye symptoms.
10. Vitamin A Deficiency

Vitamin A plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy cornea and conjunctiva. A deficiency in this vitamin can lead to dry eye syndrome among other ocular issues.