The Office of Constable - The Police Federation.

The police are individually accountable "liable" by oath of office. They cannot be ordered to arrest or use force by anyone. The Crown, Parliament, Judiciary or "chief constables" cannot order them to arrest. The primary reason is that they are personally accountable - LIABLE.

https://englishconstitutionparty.com/2024/04/22/letters-to-unog-ohchr-and-justice-committee/