Components and functioning of bear spray equipment and repellent

Stephen M. Vantassel, host of Living the Wild Life, summarizes research by Smith, Tom S. et al. 2021. Investigation of factors influencing bear spray performance. Journal of Wildlife management. 85(1):17-26 10.1002/jwmg.21958 that explains how bear repellent spray equipment works including pressure, distance, effect of wind, and time on can functioning.