Biological Diversity: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eutrophication

In this video I go over bacteria and archaea which comprise two large and separate domains of prokaryotic microorganisms. Bacteria consist of one biological cell and were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in nearly all habitats. Archaea are morphologically similar in size and shape to bacteria, but possess genes and metabolic pathways that resemble eukaryotes. I also look at eutrophication, which is the process by which a body of water gets enriched with minerals and nutrients. Excess nutrients can cause an algal bloom which block out the Sun from plants beneath it, causing them to die. Eventually the algae die too and sink to the bottom and get decomposed by bacteria, which use oxygen for respiration. If the water body is not regularly mixed vertically, the depleted oxygen causes larger life forms, such as fish, to die.

Time stamps:

- Bacteria are a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms: 0:00
- Internal structure of Earth: 2:22
- Grand Prismatic Hot Spring in Yellowstone National Park: 9:51
- Biosphere is worldwide sum of all ecosystems: 11:30
- Bacteria live in symbiotic and/or parasitic relationships with plants and animals: 11:54
- Archaea are the other large domain of prokaryotic cells, and were initially classed as bacteria (archaebacteria): 12:47
- Archaea are morphologically similar to bacteria but have genes and metabolic pathways similar to eukaryotes: 14:12
- Archaea use more energy sources than eukaryotes: 18:43
- Asexual reproduction does not involve fusion of gametes or change in the number of chromosomes: 20:04
- Binary fission, budding, and fragmentation: 22:19
- Archaea don't form endospores: 23:38
- Protozoa are single-celled eukaryotes that feed on organic matter: 26:07
- First observed archaea were extremophiles, living in extreme environments: 27:13
- Water salinity comparison: 28:27
- Soil particle size and permeability: sand, silt, clay: 33:39
- Plankton are diverse organisms in water that are unable to propel themselves against the current: 36:20
- Archaea are part of the microbiota of all organisms: 38:57
- Microbiome is the collective genomes of microorganisms in an environment or the microorganisms themselves: 40:25
- Biogeochemical cycle is pathway in which chemical substance cycles between the biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth: 46:02
- Global cycling of reactive nitrogen diagram: 46:22
- Reactive nitrogen (Nr) are nitrogen compounds that support growth directly or indirectly: 51:11
- Eutrophication is the enrichment of nutrients in water which can cause a depletion of oxygen: 54:28
- Algal bloom is a rapid increase of algae in fresh or marine water systems, and bacteria decompose remains leading to depleted oxygen: 57:09

Full video below:

- Full video and playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai3U8-WIK0FYO6bxFbBAtVJ9sDOJnH72
- Notes: https://peakd.com/hive-128780/@mes/messcience-3-overview-of-biology
- MES Science playlist: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLai3U8-WIK0FjJpwnxwdrOR7L8Ul8VZoZ .

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