Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne pathogens are infectious microorganisms in human blood that can cause diseases in humans. These pathogens include, but are not limited to:

- **Hepatitis B virus (HBV)**
- **Hepatitis C virus (HCV)**
- **Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)**

### **How They Are Transmitted**
Bloodborne pathogens are primarily transmitted through:
1. Contact with infected blood or bodily fluids.
2. Needle sticks, sharp object injuries, or broken skin exposure.
3. Mucous membrane contact (eyes, nose, or mouth).
4. Sexual contact.

### **Occupations at Risk**
- Healthcare workers
- Emergency responders (EMTs, firefighters, police)
- Lab personnel
- Tattoo artists and piercers
- Custodial workers

### **Preventing Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure**
1. **Use Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)**: Gloves, masks, gowns, and eye protection.
2. **Proper Hand Hygiene**: Wash hands after potential exposure.
3. **Safe Needle Practices**: Use sharps containers and never recap used needles.
4. **Follow Universal Precautions**: Treat all blood and bodily fluids as potentially infectious.
5. **Vaccinations**: Especially against Hepatitis B.

### **Regulations**
The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) mandates a **Bloodborne Pathogen Standard** to protect workers, including:
- Creating an exposure control plan.
- Providing free Hepatitis B vaccinations.
- Offering post-exposure evaluations and follow-up care.

Would you like information on training programs, legal standards, or best practices related to bloodborne pathogens?