#OnThisDate January 17, 1893: Hawaiian Coup

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A Group Of 13 Individuals, Primarily American And European Businessmen, Orchestrated The Overthrow Of The Hawaiian Kingdom, Deposing Queen Liliʻuokalani. This Event Marked A Pivotal Moment In Hawaii's History, Leading To Its Eventual Annexation By The United States.

The Conspirators, Known As The Committee Of Safety, Were Led By Lorrin A. Thurston, A Lawyer And Former Minister Of The Interior. They Sought To Protect Their Economic Interests, Particularly In The Sugar Industry, Which Faced Challenges Due To The McKinley Tariff Of 1890. This Tariff Eliminated The Duty-Free Status Of Hawaiian Sugar, Threatening The Profitability Of Their Enterprises.

To Facilitate The Coup, The Committee Enlisted The Support Of John L. Stevens, The U.S. Minister To Hawaii. On January 16, 1893, Stevens Ordered The Landing Of Approximately 160 U.S. Marines And Sailors From The USS Boston In Honolulu, Under The Pretext Of Protecting American Lives And Property. Their Presence Intimidated Royalist Forces And Prevented Any Significant Resistance.

The Following Day, January 17, The Committee Of Safety Proclaimed The Establishment Of A Provisional Government, With Sanford B. Dole As Its President. Queen Liliʻuokalani, Believing That The United States Would Eventually Restore Her To Power, Yielded Her Authority Under Protest To Avoid Bloodshed.

In Response To The Overthrow, President Grover Cleveland Dispatched Commissioner James H. Blount To Investigate. The Blount Report, Submitted On July 17, 1893, Concluded That The U.S. Diplomatic And Military Representatives Had Abused Their Authority And Were Responsible For The Change In Government. Despite This, Efforts To Restore The Monarchy Failed, And The Provisional Government Declared Itself The Republic Of Hawaii On July 4, 1894, With Dole Continuing As President.

The Overthrow Of The Hawaiian Kingdom Had Lasting Implications. It Led To The Annexation Of Hawaii By The United States In 1898, Transforming The Islands' Political, Cultural, And Economic Landscapes. The Events Of 1893 Remain A Significant And Contentious Chapter In Hawaiian History, Symbolizing The Loss Of Sovereignty And The Beginning Of A New Era Under American Influence.

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