Bubble Blowing

Bubble ring collisions involve complex fluid dynamics driven by vorticity, pressure gradients, and surface tension.

When two vortex rings (toroidal air bubbles) collide underwater, their circulating flow fields interact, leading to deformation, stretching, and sometimes reconnection into smaller rings or turbulent breakup.

The interaction depends on factors like relative velocity, ring diameter, and core vorticity strength.

If rings collide head-on, they may briefly merge before breaking into secondary vortices.

Oblique collisions create asymmetrical deformations, often producing twisting filaments or Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities.

These dynamics are studied in fluid mechanics and are relevant in fields like aerodynamics, oceanography, and even plasma physics.