Be fruitful and multiply

High insulin levels can lead to erectile dysfunction (ED) by damaging blood vessels and nerves in the penis. This damage can occur over time due to high blood sugar levels and the resulting hyperinsulinemia. Endothelial dysfunction caused by hyperinsulinemia in the artery of the penis can lower nitric oxide bioavailability, which is essential for relaxation and vasodilation of the penile artery. The result is ED.

In females, PCOS is the most common cause of infertility. Remember, all estrogens were once testosterone. Insulin blocks the aromatase enzyme in the ovaries, which converts testosterone to estrogen. This causes a build-up of testosterone leading to infertility and male pattern side effects.