Frozen Gators

Brumation is a hibernation-like state in ectotherms, regulated by endocrine and metabolic changes in response to colder temperatures and reduced daylight.

The hypothalamic-pituitary axis suppresses thyroid hormone (T3/T4) and cortisol levels, slowing metabolism and reducing energy expenditure.

Insulin sensitivity decreases, minimizing glucose utilization while lipid metabolism increases, allowing stored fat to serve as a primary energy source.

Melatonin levels rise, influencing circadian rhythms and promoting dormancy.

In some reptiles, reduced testosterone and estrogen production suppress reproductive activity until conditions improve.

These adaptations enable survival with minimal energy use during seasonal cold periods.