Mle 1866 Chassepot needle rifle POV firing.

Original French 11mm Chassepot Mle. 1866 needle rifle. These use paper cartridges with an internal primer. It is detonated by a long needle in the bolt that punches through the paper at the back of the case. A heavy rubber gasket or "obturator" on the bolt head seals the gasses in the chamber during firing. The paper is all burned up or ejected behind the projectile.