Cicero on Oratory - B2 - XXXIX XL

Cicero on Oratory - B2 - XXXIX XL

The video presents Cicero's views on oratory techniques, emphasizing the importance of a well-rounded education in effective speaking. It explores how to derive arguments from the essence of a subject, touch on related commonplaces, and utilize comparisons effectively. Cicero distinguishes between intrinsic arguments based on the subject's nature and extrinsic proofs, and includes methods for establishing guilt or virtue in rhetorical arguments.

Key Points:

Education in Oratory
Cicero suggests that for those illiterate in speaking, consistent practice and instruction can help instill basic skills. However, for individuals with a liberal education, he advocates seeking comprehensive knowledge, diving deeper into various forms of arguments.

Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Arguments
Cicero elaborates on two categories of arguments crucial to effective speaking: intrinsic arguments derived from the subject's nature and extrinsic arguments which incorporate external circumstances. This distinction is essential for constructing logical discourse.

Use of Definitions in Argumentation
He emphasizes that definitions are fundamental in clarifying the subject matter, enabling speakers to clearly outline the essence of their arguments whether discussing a whole or a part.

Commonplaces as Sources for Arguments
Cicero identifies 'commonplaces' as a significant source of material used in arguments, encouraging speakers to draw from general views, specific instances, and analogies corresponding to their subjects.

Analogical Reasoning in Oratory
He discusses the power of analogies, indicating that drawing parallel cases can strengthen arguments. Cicero illustrates this with examples of military commanders' duty and personal loss, reinforcing how shared experiences can bolster rhetorical effectiveness.