Manhattan Project - End of World War 2 and Beginning of The Cold War

Manhattan Project - End of World War 2 and Beginning of The Cold War

On Traveling Through History. we take a look at a very serious and sober topic - the "Manhattan Project" - a secret project that created the nuclear atom bomb.  The Manhattan Project was the code name for the American-led effort to develop a functional atomic weapon during World War II.  The controversial creation and eventual use of the atomic bomb engaged some of the world’s leading scientific minds, as well as the U.S. military—and most of the work was done in Los Alamos, New Mexico and Oak Ridge, Tennessee, not the borough of New York City for which the project was named.

The Manhattan Project was started in response to fears that German scientists had been working on a weapon using nuclear technology since the 1930s—and that Adolf Hitler was prepared to use it.  After he received a cautionary letter from Albert Einstein about the Nazi atom bomb program, Roosevelt set up the Advisory Committee on Uranium, a team of scientists and military officials tasked with researching uranium’s potential role as a weapon.  Based on the committee’s findings, the U.S. government started funding research by Enrico Fermi and Leo Szilard at Columbia University, which was focused on radioactive isotope separation (also known as uranium enrichment) and nuclear chain reactions.

Theoretical physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer was already working on the concept of nuclear fission (along with Edward Teller and others) when he was named director of the Los Alamos Laboratory in northern New Mexico in 1943.  Los Alamos Laboratory—the creation of which was known as Project Y—was formally established on January 1, 1943. The complex is where the first Manhattan Project bombs were built and tested.

On July 16, 1945, in a remote desert location near Alamogordo, New Mexico, the first atomic bomb was successfully detonated—the Trinity Test—creating an enormous mushroom cloud some 40,000 feet high and ushering in the Atomic Age.   With no surrender agreement in place, on August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay bomber plane dropped the as-yet untested “Little Boy” bomb some 1,900 feet above Hiroshima, causing unprecedented destruction and death over an area of five square miles. Three days later, with still no surrender declared, on August 9th, the “Fat Man” bomb was dropped over Nagasaki, the site of a torpedo-building plant, destroying more than three square miles of the city.  The two bombs combined killed more than 100,000 people and leveled the two Japanese cities to the ground.

We take a look at a series of videos regarding the Manhattan Project, Japanese Surrender and Robert Oppenheimer!

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