Aphanizomenon flos-aquae (AFA)

Additional nutrients like B vitamins and choline also support healthy brain chemistry and neurological activities. Choline is a precursor of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter vital to nerve and muscle function. AFA includes thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, biotin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folate and a non-absorbable form of B12. B vitamins are known energy enhancers and some, like thiamine, are required by neurons (brain cells) for proper neurotransmitter production.

B6 (pyridoxine) is necessary for the conversion of the amino acid tryptophan into serotonin, a neurotransmitter important for mood. B3 (niacin) is helpful for the synthesis of tryptophan, a precursor to the neurotransmitter serotonin, believed to contribute to feelings of well-being and is important for memory and learning. Chronic deficiency of B3 can lead to neurological disorders like dementia and disorientation. Pantothenic acid acts as a coenzyme for the synthesis of the hormone melatonin, which regulates sleep cycles.

Some primary antioxidant compounds include: carotenoids (beta carotene, lycopene, lutein), vitamin C, chlorophyll and phycocyanin. As antioxidants they naturally help to inhibit oxidation and protect our cells against the damaging effects of free radicals. Oxidative stress is thought to be a key factor in cognitive decline.

Carotenoids, and beta-carotene in particular, have been shown to significantly stimulate immune response and are important nutrients for the eyes and skin. According to the article entitled "The Role of Carotenoids in Human Health" written in the journal of Nutrition in Clinical Care it states that, "Dietary carotenoids are thought to provide health benefits in decreasing the risk of disease.