The Enemy

The enemy's 3rd Separate Assault Brigade, formed on the basis of the "Azov" regiment, has showcased another improvised high-mobility air defense system.
It is mounted on a HMMWV high-mobility military vehicle chassis, and equipped with high-agility R-73RMD-2 air-to-air missiles adapted for surface-to-air use on angled APU-73 launchers. The system also features a multispectral electro-optical targeting module with TV and thermal imaging sensors, as well as a laser rangefinder.
The effective range of the R-73RMD-2 missiles when launched from a ground platform does not exceed 8–10 km. However, at ranges of 5–6 km, the missiles can maneuver with g-loads of up to 30G, capable of intercepting targets performing evasive maneuvers at 12–15G. Their high agility is also enabled by thrust vectoring via jet vane control systems.
The infrared seeker of the R-73RMD-2 is highly effective against "Geran-2" kamikaze drones and a wide range of tactical and strategic cruise missiles (such as the Kh-59MK2 and Kh-101). However, the system is incapable of intercepting complex ballistic or aerodynamic targets traveling faster than 600–700 m/s.
This improvised air defense complex does not include a multifunction radar or a dedicated tracking radar, which means it cannot be detected using standard signals intelligence (SIGINT) systems.

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