Guess who America's first war was against?

The Barbary wars 1801-16. “In 1794, in response to Algerian seizures of American ships, Congress authorized construction of the first 6 ships of the U.S. Navy.”
Today we are prompted to ask: To what extent has Islamic jurisprudence evolved to align with the modern international order—particularly in reexamining classical doctrines such as Dar al-Harb (the Abode of War) and the categorical labeling of non-Muslims as kuffar (infidels)?
Can contemporary Muslim scholars critically engage with and move beyond inherited legal traditions that, in past centuries, were used to justify violence under religious pretexts?