The last fly of Flight 435

Date: April 10, 1973
Flight: Invicta International Airlines Flight 435
Aircraft: Vickers Vanguard 952 (Tail Number: G-AXOP)
British charter airline Invicta International Airlines serves as operator. Route: Bristol Lulsgate Airport (UK) → Basel-Mulhouse Airport (Switzerland)
145 people are seated, including six crew members and 139 passengers. Fatalities: 108
Survivors: 37
Crash Site: Near Hochwald Forest, on approach to Basel Airport
Flight Background
The flight was a charter carrying schoolchildren and teachers from Somerset, England, heading to Switzerland for a skiing holiday. Teenagers from Lydney and the surrounding area in Gloucestershire made up the majority of the passengers. The aircraft was on final approach to Basel-Mulhouse Airport, in poor weather conditions — including low clouds and poor visibility.
Sequence of Events
1. Arrival in Basel Area:
The aircraft was approaching runway 16 of Basel-Mulhouse in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC).
The airport's Instrument Landing System (ILS) for that runway was not available due to maintenance.
2. Non-Precision Approach:
Flight 435 was assigned a non-precision NDB (Non-Directional Beacon) approach to runway 16, which required manual navigation and was less accurate than ILS.
According to reports, the captain had not practiced the NDB approach in recent months and was unfamiliar with it at Basel. 3. Having Trouble Navigating: The flight crew misinterpreted the aircraft's position in relation to the airport.
They descended too early and drifted off course — deviating significantly from the correct approach path.
4. Controlled Flight Into Terrain (CFIT):
The aircraft crashed into the Hochwald Forest on a wooded hillside about 10 miles (16 km) south of the airport.
The impact and post-crash fire caused the deaths of 108 people, many due to smoke inhalation or fire injuries.
Investigation Findings
Primary Cause:
The crew misjudged the aircraft's position and descended below the minimum safe altitude without having the runway in sight.
Contributing Factors:
Lack of recent training or experience with non-precision NDB approaches.
Poor visibility and absence of ILS guidance.
Inadequate briefing and cockpit coordination.
During the approach, confusion regarding the identification of beacons. The captain made most of the decisions, so the co-pilot had little say or influence. Systemic Issues:
The crew did not cross-check position accurately.
No effective terrain awareness systems (like GPWS) were in use at the time.
The approach charts may not have been clearly understood or properly briefed.
Aftermath and Legacy
The crash had a devastating impact on several communities in southwest England, as it involved many teenagers and teachers.
It prompted discussions about:
The importance of approach training, especially for non-precision procedures.
Improvements in aircrew coordination and monitoring.
More reliable navigation aids and minimum safe altitude enforcement.
The accident remains one of the deadliest aviation disasters in Swiss territory and the worst involving a Vickers Vanguard.
#اعلانك_تررند_ااول_05б32б8б79
#メイドの日
#マダックス
#FELIPLiveAtNBAPH
#GAME ON ROCKSTA
#OrmSOLOMeetAtMacau
#ORM AND YOUR #HEARTBEAT
#セイウンハーデス
#IMFSupportsTerrorists
#ForTT_WhatsApp_44О679З685
#ショウヘイ
#こいほー
#Zubimendi
#メイド服
#EVER EST 1ST #FANMEETING
#LIFTERGLOSS X #JUNIORMARK
#満塁ホームラン返し
#京都新聞杯
#スビメンディ
#Balık Holding
#ファビアン
#MC1 Nyaman Sampe Lupa
#Aaron Gordon
#メイドさん
#キングスコール
#Shai
#正義執行
#ルーズベルトゲーム
#エプソムカップ
#Jokic
#村上頌樹
#Böhmermann
#トッピボーン
#村上くん
#グラスラ返し
#村上投手
#フランコ
#トーセンリョウ
#岡田さん
#エプソムC
#LIFTERGLOSS X #EMIBONNIE
#エスコン
#シュトラウス
#メタフェス
#السياسي اللبناني
#Erol Eğrek
#中村奨成
#エリカ実装
#マルセロヒアン
#ガレヲン
#ForTT_WhatsApp_44О679З685
#Aaron Gordon
#Jokic
#Shai
#Jamal Murray
#Denver
#JDub
#Thunder
#SmackDown
#Joker
#Ohtani
#ForeverNetflix
#Jasson Dominguez
#Abel
#The Martian
#Shohei
#nuggets
#OKCvsDEN
#Dort
#Donovan Mitchell
#Christian Braun
#Mark Jones
#Will Warren
#Diamondbacks
#Kaytranada
#Parker
#Marchand
#Niurka
#Caramelo
#The Weeknd
#Carti
#Keisha
#Versace
#$YEE
#Mane
#Nino
#ENreco
#Porter
#Bibi
#Sasaki
#Habeas Corpus
#Imran Khan
#Bud Light
#Trespassing
#Grisham
#EVO Japan
#Alexa Bliss
#SMTOWN
#Spida
#Mayor Baraka
#Pakistan
#TORvsFLA
#Pope
#LeafsForever
#Woll
#morgan rielly
#Jokic
#Panthers
#Aaron Gordon
#Shai
#SmackDown
#bucciovertimechallenge
#Mother's Day
#Florida
#BRAD MARCHAND
#SXTlistBitget
#Matthews
#Eichel
#Arvidsson
#McDavid
#McNabb
#Wes McCauley
#Mattel
#matthew knies
#Gulf of Mexico
#Chicago
#Vatican
#johnny toronto
#Jamal Murray
#Bill Gates
#Game 3
#playoff mo
#Bobby McMann
#Frederic
#Denver
#JOHN TAVARES
#Peru
#Indians
#Addison Barger
#Suits
#Stone
#Alexa Bliss
#Devers
#Adam Lowry
#Oilers
#Helle
#Ty Jerome
#yimi
#Nosek
#Nuggets