Pre-Socratic Philosophy

The Presocratics were the earliest Greek philosophers, active before and around the time of Socrates. They lived between the 6th and 5th centuries BCE and were primarily concerned with explaining the nature of the cosmos, reality, and existence without relying on mythology. Instead of invoking the gods, they sought natural, rational explanations for the origins and structure of the universe. Many also explored questions of change, being, knowledge, and the nature of the soul. Though their writings survive mostly in fragments, their ideas laid the groundwork for Western philosophy and science. They came from various regions across the Greek-speaking world, and many belonged to distinct philosophical schools such as the Milesian school (Thales, Anaximander, Anaximenes), the Eleatics (Parmenides, Zeno), and the pluralists (Empedocles, Anaxagoras).

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Chapters:
0:00 - intro
4:02 - Milesian philosophers
14:49 - Xenophanes
19:35 - Pythagoreanism
26:00 - Heraclitus
30:06 - Eliatic philosophers
50:06 - Anaxagoras
56:02 - Empedocles
1:02:55 - The Atomists
1:10:04 - Diogenes of Apollonia
1:13:09 - The Sophists
1:26:13 - outro

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