Holy Crap - you are dead fast from this viper's bite - watch it work on blood

3 months ago
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The speed at which the venom from a Russell's Viper causes blood to coagulate more on this dangerous snake - - -
The bite of a Russell's viper (Daboia russelii), one of the most dangerous snakes in Asia, can be deadly due to its potent venom, which is a complex mix of hemotoxins, cytotoxins, and sometimes neurotoxins. Here’s a breakdown of its effects and the time it may take to be fatal if untreated:
Effects of a Russell's Viper Bite
Local Effects:
Severe pain and swelling at the bite site, often within minutes.

Blistering, tissue damage, and necrosis (tissue death) around the bite area.

Bleeding from the bite site due to the venom’s anticoagulant properties.

Systemic Effects:
Hemorrhagic Effects: The venom disrupts blood clotting, leading to internal bleeding, bleeding from gums, nose, or other orifices, and potentially organ damage.

Kidney Damage: Acute kidney injury is common due to venom-induced damage to blood vessels and tissues, often leading to renal failure if untreated.

Cardiovascular Effects: Drop in blood pressure, shock, and potential cardiovascular collapse.

Neurotoxic Symptoms (less common): In some cases, especially with certain subspecies, mild neurotoxic effects like muscle weakness or paralysis may occur.

Progression:
Symptoms typically begin within 15–30 minutes of the bite.

Without treatment, severe envenomation can lead to systemic complications within hours.

Time to Death
The time it takes for a Russell's viper bite to be fatal depends on several factors:
Venom Dose: A larger venom injection (e.g., from a prolonged bite or multiple bites) increases severity.

Bite Location: Bites closer to major blood vessels or vital organs accelerate systemic effects.

Victim’s Health and Size: Children, the elderly, or those with pre-existing conditions are more vulnerable.

Treatment: Without medical intervention, death can occur, but timely treatment significantly improves outcomes.

Untreated Cases:
Death can occur within 6–48 hours in severe cases, typically due to internal bleeding, kidney failure, or cardiovascular collapse.

In rare cases, death may occur faster (within 1–6 hours) if the venom causes rapid shock or massive hemorrhage.

Some victims may survive longer (days) but succumb to complications like renal failure if untreated.

Treated Cases:
With prompt administration of antivenom (specific to Russell’s viper venom) and supportive care (e.g., fluids, blood transfusions, dialysis), the mortality rate drops significantly.

Antivenom is most effective if given within the first few hours, ideally within 1–4 hours of the bite.

Mortality Rate
Without treatment, the mortality rate can be high, estimated at 20–40% in severe envenomations.

With proper medical care, mortality is reduced to less than 5–10%.

First Aid and Treatment
Immediate Actions:
Immobilize the bitten limb and keep it at or below heart level to slow venom spread.

Keep the victim calm to reduce heart rate and venom circulation.

Do not apply tourniquets, cut the wound, or attempt to suck out venom, as these can worsen tissue damage or delay treatment.

Medical Treatment:
Administer polyvalent antivenom (effective against Russell’s viper and other major venomous snakes in the region).

Supportive care: Manage bleeding, monitor kidney function, and treat shock or respiratory distress.

Hospitalization is often required for 24–48 hours or longer in severe cases.

Context and Prevalence
Russell’s vipers are responsible for a significant number of snakebite deaths in South Asia, particularly in India, Sri Lanka, and Southeast Asia, due to their prevalence in agricultural areas and highly potent venom. Bites are more common during the monsoon season when snakes are more active.

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