For 9 Years Tor Ignored Princeton's Proof: BGP Attacks Can Unmask Millions of Users

Counter-RAPTOR: Safeguarding tor against active routing attacks:
https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.00843

Also see:
Y. Sun, A. Edmundson, L. Vanbever, O. Li, J. Rexford, M. Chiang, and
P. Mittal, “Raptor: routing attacks on privacy in Tor,” in 24th USENIX
Security Symposium (USENIX Security 15), 2015, pp. 271–286.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OVHcloud
https://w3techs.com/technologies/details/dc-ovhsasSo here's the deal: Tor's broken at the infrastructure level, and it's not because of some fancy NSA exploit or browser vulnerability. Princeton researchers mathematically proved that BGP routing attacks can unmask millions of users, and they're calling it RAPTOR (Routing Attacks on Privacy in Tor).
The attack is stupidly simple: BGP, the internet's routing protocol from the 1980s, has zero authentication. Anyone can announce they own any IP address, and other networks just... believe them. When you connect to what you think is a Tor guard relay in Germany, an attacker can redirect your traffic to their servers first, see your real IP, then forward it to the actual relay. Your anonymity dies before you even enter the Tor network.
The worst part? Major hosting providers like OVH (resilience score: 0.408) and Hetzner are incredibly vulnerable. When someone attacks their routing, 60% of users get exposed. And this isn't theoretical - real attacks happened in 2023 (AWS, 17 relays compromised) and 2024 (Hetzner, 45% of users exposed).
Princeton gave Tor the solution - Counter-RAPTOR - with working code nearly a decade ago. It includes resilience-based relay selection and real-time BGP monitoring. But here we are in 2025, and Tor still uses bandwidth-weighted selection that guides users straight to vulnerable relays.
State-sponsored attacks are up 300% according to Cloudflare. Russian ISPs hijacked 62 relays to unmask activists. The threat is real, active, and getting worse.
Full research paper linked in pinned comment. Time to demand Tor actually implements these fixes.

☆-----☆-----☆-----☆-----☆ CHAPTERS ☆-----☆-----☆-----☆-----☆

00:00 Tor is Broken at Infrastructure Level
00:36 What is BGP and Why It Matters
01:03 BGP's Fatal Security Flaw from the 1980s
01:34 How RAPTOR Attack Destroys Your Anonymity
02:18 Multiple BGP Attack Methods Explained
03:06 Princeton Researchers Measure Every Tor Relay
03:41 60% of OVH Users Exposed During Attacks
04:30 Hosting Companies Are Sitting Ducks
05:25 Why Some Networks Have Terrible Resilience
06:53 Internet Hierarchy Makes Tor Vulnerable
07:51 High Bandwidth Relays = High Risk
08:21 Real BGP Attacks Compromising Tor Relays
09:09 2023-2024 Attacks on AWS and Hetzner
09:55 State-Sponsored Attacks Up 300%
10:46 Russian ISP Hijacks 62 Relays
11:11 Counter-RAPTOR Defense System
12:09 New Guard Relay Selection Algorithm
13:29 Real-Time BGP Monitoring Solution
15:15 Detection Methods That Actually Work
16:11 9 Years Later - Tor Still Hasn't Fixed This
17:05 RPKI Can't Save You
18:51 BGP Attacks Bypass All Tor Security
19:37 You Can't Detect These Attacks
20:32 Individual Users Are Defenseless
21:22 The Math is Brutal - Millions Exposed
22:23 Why Tor Must Act Now

#tor #torproject #anonymity #cybersecurity #opsec

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