BIODIGITAL CONVERGENCE EXPLAINED BY SABRINA WALLACE, NON-VAXER 420 💯

SABRINA TALKS HARD ON THE WBAN BIO DIGITAL 6 G INSIDE US ALL TRACKED WE ARE ALL TRACKED Introduction of IEEE 802.15.4 Technology
Last Updated : 22 Feb, 2023
IEEE 802.15.4 is a low-cost, low-data-rate wireless access technology for devices that are operated or work on batteries. This describes how low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) function.
IEEE 802.15.4e:

802.15.4e for industrial applications and 802.15.4g for the smart utility networks (SUN)
The 802.15.4e improves the old standard by introducing mechanisms such as time slotted access, multichannel communication and channel hopping.

IEEE 802.15.4e introduces the following general functional enhancements:

1. Low Energy (LE): This mechanism is intended for applications that can trade latency for energy efficiency. It allows a node to operate with a very low duty cycle.

2. Information Elements (IE) It is an extensible mechanism to exchange information at the MAC sublayer.

3. Enhanced Beacons (EB): Enhanced Beacons are an extension of the 802.15.4 beacon frames and provide a greater flexibility. They allow to create application-specific frames.

4. Multipurpose Frame: This mechanism provides a flexible frame format that can address a number of MAC operations. It is based on IEs.

5. MAC Performance Metric: It is a mechanism to provide appropriate feedback on the channel quality to the networking and upper layers, so that appropriate decision can be taken.

6. Fast Association (FastA) The 802.15.4 association procedure introduces a significant delay in order to save energy. For time-critical application latency has priority over energy efficiency.

IEEE 802.15.4e defines five new MAC behavior modes.

1. Time Slotted Channel Hopping (TSCH): It targets application domains such as industrial automation and process control, providing support for multi-hop and multichannel communications, through a TDMA approach.

2. Deterministic and Synchronous Multi-channel Extension (DSME): It is aimed to support both industrial and commercial applications.

3. Low Latency Deterministic Network (LLDN): Designed for single-hop and single channel networks.

4. Radio Frequency Identification Blink (BLINK): It is intended for application domains such as item/people identification, location and tracking.

5. Asynchronous multi-channel adaptation (AMCA): It is targeted to application domains where large deployments are required, such as smart utility networks, infrastructure monitoring networks, and process control networks.
Properties:

1. Standardization and alliances: It specifies low-data-rate PHY and MAC layer requirements for wireless personal area networks (WPAN).

IEEE 802.15. Protocol Stacks include:

ZigBee: ZigBee is a Personal Area Network task group with a low rate task group 4. It is a technology of home networking. ZigBee is a technological standard created for controlling and sensing the network. As we know that ZigBee is the Personal Area network of task group 4 so it is based on IEEE 802.15.4 and is created by Zigbee Alliance.

6LoWPAN: The 6LoWPAN system is used for a variety of applications including wireless sensor networks. This form of wireless sensor network sends data as packets and uses IPv6 - providing the basis for the name - IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Networks.

ZigBee IP: Zigbee is a standards-based wireless technology that was developed for low-cost and low-power wireless machine-to-machine (M2M) and internet of things (IoT) networks.

ISA100.11a: It is a mesh network that provides secure wireless communication to process control.

Wireless HART: It is also a wireless sensor network technology, that makes use of time-synchronized and self-organizing architecture. ...

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