Cloud Chambers

A radiation tracking cloud chamber operates by creating a supersaturated alcohol vapor—typically isopropyl or ethanol—inside a sealed, chilled enclosure, often using dry ice or a thermoelectric cooler to maintain subzero temperatures at the base.

A black felt strip or metal plate soaked in alcohol lines the warm upper interior, allowing vapor to descend and condense near the cold bottom, forming a sensitive detection layer.

When charged particles from ionizing radiation pass through, they ionize the vapor, triggering condensation trails that become visible as fine, white streaks.

The chamber is usually enclosed in a transparent, airtight container with internal lighting angled for optimal contrast, while the logistics of operation require careful management of temperature gradients, alcohol replenishment, and safety measures for radiation sources.