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Vasco da Gama tells his story of being the first to sail around the Cape of Good Hope and reach Indi
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I was born around 1460 in the small coastal town of Sines, Portugal. My father was a knight in the service of the king, and I grew up near the sea, learning the ways of ships, winds, and tides from an early age. Portugal was already sending explorers down the coast of Africa, and I listened to every story I could find about strange lands, rare spices, and dangerous waters. I never imagined then that I would be the one to open the sea route from Europe all the way to India, but the ocean has a way of choosing its sailors.
In 1497, King Manuel I gave me command of a fleet with a mission no Portuguese had yet completed—to sail around the southern tip of Africa and reach the rich spice markets of India. Four ships and about 170 men set out from Lisbon. We sailed south along the coast of Africa, stopping at trading posts the Portuguese had already built, and then we faced the treacherous waters around the Cape of Good Hope. The winds and currents there are fierce, but we made it through and began sailing up the east coast of Africa, where we met traders from Arabia and India for the first time.
From there, we crossed the vast Indian Ocean, guided by an experienced pilot from the east African city of Malindi. In May of 1498, after more than 10 months at sea, we reached Calicut on the Malabar Coast of India. The smell of pepper and cinnamon filled the air, and the markets were overflowing with goods we had only dreamed of in Portugal. But our arrival was not met with open arms. Muslim merchants had long controlled the spice trade and saw us as a threat. We traded what we could, but tensions kept our business limited. Still, we had proven that the route by sea was possible, and that was worth more than gold to our king.
The journey home was even harder. Sickness and storms claimed many lives, and only two of our ships made it back to Lisbon in 1499. But we returned with spices, valuable enough to more than pay for the entire voyage, and with the knowledge that Portugal could trade directly with India without relying on overland routes controlled by others.
I returned to India twice more. On my second voyage, I went not just as an explorer but as a commander sent to enforce Portuguese power and secure our trade against rivals. My last journey was as the Viceroy of Portuguese India, tasked with governing our interests there. It was a long way from the boy who had once stared out to sea in Sines.
When I look back, I see my life as one long horizon—each voyage opening another, each challenge met by pushing a little farther. I will always be proud that I was the first to connect Portugal and India by sea, tying two worlds together with the wake of my ships. The ocean was my road, and I sailed it as far as the winds would carry me.
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