what is granulomatous inflammation & the causes

Granulomatous inflammation is a specialized form of chronic inflammation characterized by the formation of granulomas—small nodular collections of immune cells, primarily macrophages, epithelioid cells, and multinucleated giant cells. This immune response typically occurs when the body attempts to wall off substances it perceives as foreign but cannot eliminate, such as infectious agents, persistent irritants, or autoimmune triggers. Granulomatous conditions are associated with a wide range of diseases, including tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Crohn’s disease, fungal infections, and certain occupational lung diseases. Common symptoms may vary depending on the affected organ but often include chronic cough, fatigue, fever, enlarged lymph nodes, or organ-specific dysfunction. Early diagnosis and management are crucial, as granulomatous inflammation may indicate an underlying infection, immune disorder, or environmental exposure. Understanding the causes, pathology, and treatment options of granulomatous disease helps in guiding proper medical evaluation and improving long-term outcomes.

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