A study on Immunity

SARS-CoV-2 and Immunity: Understanding the Body’s Defense Against COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, triggers a complex immune response involving both innate and adaptive immunity. When the virus enters the body, the innate immune system acts as the first line of defense, activating antiviral proteins, interferons, and inflammatory pathways to limit viral replication. Over time, the adaptive immune system develops targeted protection through T cells, which destroy infected cells, and B cells, which produce neutralizing antibodies that block viral entry.

Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 can be acquired through natural infection or vaccination. While antibodies provide immediate defense, long-term protection largely depends on immune memory cells, which help the body recognize and respond faster to future exposures. Research shows that immunity may wane over time, but booster vaccines and hybrid immunity (infection plus vaccination) significantly enhance protection against severe illness and emerging variants.

Factors such as age, underlying health conditions, and viral mutations influence how effectively the immune system responds to SARS-CoV-2. Strengthening immunity through vaccination, adequate nutrition, healthy lifestyle choices, and medical guidance remains essential in reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes.

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