Photobiomodulation Therapy: Red Light & Near-Infrared Applications

Photobiomodulation Therapy:
Red Light & Near-Infrared Applications

An Evidence-Based Overview -
What Is Photobiomodulation (PBM)?
Photobiomodulation uses low-level red and near-infrared light to stimulate healing, reduce inflammation, and enhance cellular energy. It’s non-invasive, non-thermal, and backed by growing
clinical research.

• Mechanism of Action: Light photons activate cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondria →
boosts ATP production → modulates oxidative stress and inflammation.
• Delivery: Via LED panels, handheld devices, or low-level lasers.

Dosage Matters: Strength, Distance & Duration
• Irradiance (Power Density): 5–200 mW/cm²
• Fluence (Energy Delivered):
o Superficial: 1–10 J/cm²
o Deep tissue: up to 60 J/cm²

• Proximity: Closer = better absorption. Direct contact or <1 cm distance is ideal.

• Session Duration: 5–20 minutes per area, depending on device and condition.

“Photon delivery is maximized when the light source is close to the skin, especially for deeper tissue targets.”

Safety & Cautions:
While generally safe, PBM requires thoughtful use:
• Photosensitivity: Avoid if using photosensitizing drugs (e.g., tetracyclines, isotretinoin).

• Cancer: Do not apply directly over active tumors unless under medical supervision.

• Eye Safety: Protect eyes—direct exposure can damage retinal tissue.

• Overuse: Too much light can inhibit healing (biphasic dose response).

• Device Quality: Use clinically tested devices with verified wavelength output.

Summary Takeaways:
• PBM is a promising therapy for inflammation, pain, skin health, and neurological recovery.

• Wavelength, dose, and proximity are critical for effectiveness.
• Always use eye protection and avoid overuse.

• Consult a healthcare provider before use—especially in oncology or neurological cases.