Law & Gospel: The Key to Understanding Christianity

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Chapter 1 – The Law
• “The law of Jehovah is perfect, restoring the soul.” — Psalm 19:7 (ASV)
• “Through the law cometh the knowledge of sin.” — Romans 3:20 (ASV)
• “Cursed is every one that continueth not in all things that are written in the book of the law, to do them.” — Galatians 3:10 (ASV)
• Luther: “The Law says, ‘Do this,’ and it is never done.” (Lectures on Galatians, 1535)
• Johann Gerhard: “The Law is a hammer which crushes the rocks, that is, the proud hearts of men.” (Loci Theologici, vol. 6, §81)
• Formula of Concord, Epitome VI: “We believe, teach, and confess that the law was given to men for three reasons: first, that thereby outward discipline might be maintained… secondly, that men thereby may be led to the knowledge of their sins; thirdly, that after they are regenerate and… the law should be a fixed rule according to which they are to regulate and direct their whole life.”

Chapter 2 – The Gospel
• “For God so loved the world, that he gave his only begotten Son, that whosoever believeth on him should not perish, but have eternal life.” — John 3:16 (ASV)
• “The gospel is the power of God unto salvation to every one that believeth.” — Romans 1:16 (ASV)
• “Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; and … he hath been raised on the third day according to the scriptures.” — 1 Corinthians 15:3–4 (ASV)
• Luther: “The Gospel says, ‘Believe this,’ and it is already done.” (Lectures on Galatians, 1535)
• Quenstedt: “The Law is the word of wrath; the Gospel, the word of grace. The Law terrifies consciences; the Gospel consoles them.” (Theologia Didactico-Polemica, Pars II, cap. II, quaest. III)
• Chrysostom: “The Law convicted, but did not deliver. The Gospel delivers, and does not convict.” (Homilies on John, Homily 12)

Chapter 3 – Why the Distinction Matters
• “For as many as are of the works of the law are under a curse.” — Galatians 3:10 (ASV)
• “Christ redeemed us from the curse of the law, having become a curse for us.” — Galatians 3:13 (ASV)
• Johann Gerhard: “The Law wounds; the Gospel binds up. The Law kills; the Gospel makes alive.” (Loci Theologici, vol. 6, §94)
• Abraham Calovius: “Where the Law and Gospel are mingled, there the true treasure of the Church is lost.” (Systema Locorum Theologicorum, Vol. 2, cap. X)
• Martin Chemnitz: “The doctrine of the Law is one thing, the doctrine of the Gospel is another. The Law is a doctrine different from the Gospel as much as heaven is distant from the earth.” (Loci Theologici, Part I, De Lege et Evangelio, §5)
• Augustine: “The law orders that we, after attempting to do what is ordered, and so feeling our weakness under the law, may learn to implore the help of grace.” (On the Spirit and the Letter, ch. 19, §34)

Chapter 4 – Guarding the Distinction
• Augsburg Confession IV (1530): “Also they teach that men cannot be justified before God by their own strength, merits, or works, but are freely justified for Christ’s sake, through faith.”
• Chemnitz: “We must carefully distinguish the Law and the Gospel, lest we ascribe to the one what belongs to the other.” (Examination of the Council of Trent, Vol. 1, p. 605)
• Luther: “This difference between the Law and the Gospel is the highest art in Christendom, one which every person who values the name Christian ought to recognize, know, and possess.” (Lectures on Galatians, 1535)
• Quenstedt: “In the preaching of the Word, the Law and Gospel must be accurately distinguished, lest the comfort of the Gospel be weakened or the severity of the Law diminished.” (Theologia Didactico-Polemica, Pars II, cap. II, quaest. III)
• Abraham Calovius: “The principal use of the distinction between the Law and the Gospel consists in this, that the Word of God may be properly divided, and that men may not be led either to presumption or to despair.” (Systema Locorum Theologicorum, Vol. 2, cap. X)