Antarctic Bacteria Revolutionizes Microplastic Remediation

In March 2023, researchers from the University of Wollongong and the Chilean Antarctic Institute discovered a novel bacterium in Antarctica's McMurdo Sound, named Pseudomonas antarctica MP-1, which can degrade microplastics in frigid temperatures (1-4°C). This bacterium can reduce microplastic mass by 13% over 60 days using unique cold-active enzymes (PETase-K1 and MHETase-K2), which are far more efficient than previously known biodegradation processes at low temperatures. This accidental discovery led to the development of "CryoFilter," a biofiltration system tested in Zürich that captures up to 87% of microplastics in the 10-100 micrometer range. The system uses bacteria embedded in a specialized cryoprotectant hydrogel, remaining active for six months without replacement.

The technology addresses a critical environmental issue, as humans now ingest approximately 5 grams of microplastics weekly. While challenges remain, including throughput capacity and ecological safety concerns, the system offers unexpected economic benefits. The bacterial degradation produces valuable chemical precursors (terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol) that could offset 30% of operational costs, attracting investment from companies like BASF and Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings. With pilot implementations planned in multiple countries by 2025, this Antarctic discovery demonstrates how nature's adaptations might help solve human-created environmental problems.

https://www.ihadnoclue.com/article/1105487264078135297