HEART ATTACK! FATTY PLAQUE IN ARTERIES BUILDS UP YEARS?

A heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked for a long enough time that part of the heart muscle is damaged or dies. This blockage is most often caused by a buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances in the coronary arteries, forming plaques that rupture and cause blood clots. Prompt emergency treatment is critical to restore blood flow and reduce heart damage.​

Causes & Risk Factors
Coronary artery disease (atherosclerosis) is the leading cause

Coronary artery spasm or tear (e.g., spontaneous coronary artery dissection)

High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, smoking

High cholesterol and triglyceride levels

Family history of heart disease

Sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, excessive alcohol use

Stress and age​

Symptoms
Chest pain or discomfort (pressure, squeezing, heaviness)

Pain radiating to arms, neck, jaw, back, or stomach

Shortness of breath, difficulty breathing

Cold sweat, nausea, vomiting

Lightheadedness, dizziness, or fainting

Sudden fatigue or anxiety
Symptoms may vary, and some heart attacks may present quietly, especially in women and diabetics.​

Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis includes ECG, blood tests (troponin), and imaging.
Treatment options to quickly restore blood flow:

Medications: Aspirin, thrombolytics (clot busters), beta-blockers, nitrates, blood thinners, ACE inhibitors, statins

Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI): Angioplasty and stenting to open blocked arteries

Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG): Surgery for severe blockages

Supplemental oxygen: For patients with low oxygen levels
Early intervention greatly improves survival and reduces complications like heart failure and arrhythmias.​

Prevention
Lifestyle changes: quit smoking, maintain healthy weight, exercise, eat heart-healthy diet

Regular medical checkups and managing diabetes, hypertension, and cholesterol

Stress management and avoiding excessive alcohol

Recognizing symptoms early and seeking immediate help saves lives

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