Gut Bacteria and GLP-1: Metabolic Health with Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia

Gut Bacteria and GLP-1: Metabolic Health with Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia

These studies explore the relationship between the gut microbiota, specifically the bacterium Akkermansia muciniphila, and glucose metabolism, with a particular focus on type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Several studies suggest that certain drugs, such as metformin and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), as well as dietary interventions, can increase the abundance of A. muciniphila and other beneficial bacteria, which correlates with improved glucose levels and insulin sensitivity.

Furthermore, researchers are investigating how short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by these bacteria, activate the FFAR2 receptor in intestinal cells to stimulate GLP-1 secretion, which contributes to regulating blood sugar and reducing appetite. However, user experiences with probiotic supplements containing Akkermansia and GLP-1 RAs vary, reporting improvements in digestion and appetite control, as well as unwanted side effects such as increased hunger or headaches, and inconsistent results regarding bacterial levels. Sources also suggest that GLP-1 RAs influence the gut immune system and microbiota, which may explain their metabolic benefits, although individual responses and the exact mechanisms still require further research.

References

Three bacteria that interact with GLP-1 are Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia muciniphila

Correlation between gut microbiota and glucagon-like peptide-1 in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus
https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9606788/

Crosstalk between glucagon-like peptide 1 and gut microbiota in metabolic diseases
https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02032-23

Beneficial Metabolic Effects of a Probiotic via Butyrate-induced GLP-1 Hormone Secretion
https://www.jbc.org/article/S0021-9258(20)49115-X/fulltext

Oral delivery of GLP-1 peptide using recombinant Lactobacillus gasseri for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40530879/

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG Supernatant Improves GLP-1 Secretion Through Attenuating L Cell Lipotoxicity and Modulating Gut Microbiota in Obesity
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40366615/

Antidiabetic effect of an engineered bacterium Lactobacillus plantarum-pMG36e -GLP-1 in monkey model
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405805X21000521

Lactobacillus plantarum NCHBL-004 modulates high-fat diet–induced weight gain and enhances GLP-1 production for blood glucose regulation
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0899900724002144

In Vitro Hypoglycemic Activities of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium Strains from Healthy Children’s Sources and Their Effect on Stimulating GLP-1 Secretion in STC-1 Cells
https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/4/519

Correlation between intestinal flora and GLP-1 receptor agonist dulaglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment—A preliminary longitudinal study
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S258900422401006X

Discovery of a bacterial peptide as a modulator of GLP-1 and metabolic disease
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-61112-0

Interplay of gut microbiota, glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists, and nutrition: New frontiers in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease therapy
https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v30/i43/4682.htm