How to Make Transformerless AC to DC Power Supply | DIY How to Make

How to Make Transformerless AC to DC Power Supply | DIY How to Make

This project explains the working and application of a transformerless AC to DC power supply circuit designed for low-current electronic applications. The circuit converts 220V AC mains input directly into a DC output ranging approximately from 3.7V to 64V, depending on load conditions and component values. Instead of using a bulky step-down transformer, it relies on capacitive dropper technology, making the design compact, lightweight, and cost-effective for small DIY electronics projects.

The main components include a high-voltage polyester capacitor for current limiting, resistors for surge protection and discharge, a bridge rectifier made of diodes to convert AC to DC, and an electrolytic capacitor for smoothing the output voltage. A MOV is used for surge protection against voltage spikes from the mains supply. Together, these components create a simple yet efficient low-power DC supply suitable for many hobbyist applications.

This type of power supply is commonly used in LED bulbs, night lamps, indicator lights, sensor modules, small control circuits, and basic microcontroller projects when paired with a voltage regulator. It is especially useful where space is limited and transformer cost needs to be avoided. However, the output current is limited and not suitable for high-power loads, motors, or devices that require electrical isolation.

Safety is extremely important when working with this circuit. Since it is transformerless, the output is not isolated from the mains supply. Direct contact can cause serious electric shock. The circuit must always be housed in a properly insulated plastic enclosure, and testing should be done with full precautions. This project is best suited for experienced DIY enthusiasts who understand mains-voltage safety.

With careful construction and responsible use, this transformerless power supply is a practical solution for compact, low-power electronics projects.

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