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【44】新型コロナは、本当にサルに感染するのか? - 大橋眞
新型コロナに限らず、病原体の研究で欠かせないのが動物モデルの確立です。人間で実験することに限界があるために、動物モデルを使うことにより、コッホの4原則を満たすことの確認や病原体の病理学的研究が可能になります。そう言う意味で、動物モデルの確立は、感染症の科学的アプローチに欠かすことが出来ないわけです。最近新型コロナが、動物に感染するという論文も幾つか出ていますが、ここでは新型コロナをサルに感染させた事例を検証してみます。米国シアトルの患者から分離培養したウイルスをアフリカミドリザルに感染させたところ、急激な肺炎を発症させることができたという報告です。しかしながら、サルに感染させたウイルスは、新型コロナだけを単離したものでなく、培養細胞(アフリカミドリザル由来)に感染性のあるウイルスの混合物です。従って、サルの肺炎を引き起こしたものが、新型コロナであるということは言えないわけです。肺炎の局所からのウイルス同定もされていないようです。この報告から、新型コロナがサルに肺炎を引き起こすということは、科学的に言えないのです。
このように、動物への感染実験の成否に関しては、慎重な検証が必要です。科学的には意味のない実験であっても、すぐにトリックを見破ることが難しいために、ワクチンや薬の効果等の正当性に利用される可能性があります。
Establishing an animal model is indispensable for pathogen research, not just for the new corona. Due to the limitations of human experimentation, animal models can be used to confirm that Koch's four principles are met and to study pathogens pathologically. In that sense, the establishment of animal models is essential to the scientific approach to infectious diseases. Recently, there have been some papers that the new corona infects animals, but here we will examine the case where the new corona infects monkeys. It is reported that when an African green monkey was infected with a virus isolated and cultured from a patient in Seattle, USA, it was possible to develop rapid pneumonia. However, the virus that infects monkeys is not just an isolated new corona, but a mixture of viruses that are infectious to cultured cells (derived from African green monkeys). Therefore, it cannot be said that it is the new corona that caused the monkey pneumonia. It seems that the virus has not been identified locally in pneumonia. From this report, it cannot be scientifically stated that the new corona causes pneumonia in monkeys.
In this way, careful verification is required regarding the success or failure of animal infection experiments. Even experiments that are scientifically meaningless can be used to justify the effects of vaccines and drugs because it is difficult to detect tricks immediately.
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