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【53】粘膜免疫の場としての気道の役割 - 大橋眞
新型コロナ感染症の診断において、気道粘膜からサンプルを採取してPCR反応が行われています。そもそも気道の役割とは、何でしょうか。
これを考えることによって、PCR検査にどのような意味があるかを理解できるかもしれません。気道は、二酸化炭素と酸素を交換する場である肺への入口において、空気中に存在するゴミや微生物、ウイルス、花粉などを除去する働きがあります。粘液は、このような不純物を付着させて、体外に排出する役割があります。このように、気道はこのような不純物を付着させる場としての役割があります。従って、気道上の粘液にウイルスなどが付着しているからといって、病気であるとは言えないわけです。空気をきれいにする機能が正常に働いているという証であるとも言えるわけです。
病気とは、気道上皮細胞に異常が起こって症状があらわれた状態であり、症状がでることが条件になります。もし症状がないのに、無症状感染者という病気であるというのであれば、実証実験が必要です。例えば、本当に無症状者から他の無症状者へ伝播することがあるのかという実験です。健常者の自粛、学校休校、マスク着用やソーシャルディスタンス、パーティションの設置義務の根拠になっているだけに、実証実験による証明が不可欠です。
In the diagnosis of new corona infection, a sample is taken from the airway mucosa and a PCR reaction is performed. What is the role of the airway in the first place?
By thinking about this, you may be able to understand what the PCR test means. The airways work at the entrance to the lungs, where carbon dioxide and oxygen are exchanged, to remove debris, microorganisms, viruses, pollen, etc. that are present in the air. Mucus has the role of adhering such impurities and discharging them from the body. In this way, the airways serve as a place for these impurities to adhere. Therefore, just because a virus or the like adheres to the mucus on the respiratory tract does not mean that it is ill. It can be said that it is a proof that the function of cleaning the air is working normally.
Illness is a condition in which abnormalities occur in the airway epithelial cells and symptoms appear, and the condition is that symptoms appear. If you have no symptoms and you have an asymptomatic infection, you need a demonstration experiment. For example, it is an experiment to see if it can really be transmitted from asymptomatic people to other asymptomatic people. Proof by empirical experiments is indispensable because it is the basis for self-restraint of healthy people, school closure, wearing masks, social distance, and obligation to install partitions.
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