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【133】RNAウイルスの検出にPCRは使えない - 大橋眞
PCRは、遺伝子を増幅するものであり、病原体ウイルスを検出するものではありません。特にRNAウイルスは、遺伝子変異が多いことで知られています。現に今回のウイルスも変異体が数多く報告されています。PCRは、特異性が高く、99%の特異性があるとされています。しかし、この特異性の高さが、遺伝子変異に弱いという面があるのです。遺伝子変異がある程度以上になると、PCRでは検出できなくなるのです。同義変異というアミノ酸を変えない変異では、ウイルスの形質はそのままです。しかし、PCRでは、検出されないのです。このことは、感染拡大防止のために、PCR検査をやるということに限界があることを示しています。遺伝子に5%以上の変異があるとPCRでは検出できなくなる可能性が高くなります。基本的に変異の多いRNAウイルスの検出に、PCRは使えないのです。
PCR amplifies genes, not pathogen viruses. In particular, RNA viruses are known to have many gene mutations. In fact, many mutants of this virus have been reported. PCR is highly specific and is said to be 99% specific. However, this high degree of specificity is vulnerable to gene mutation. When the gene mutation exceeds a certain level, it cannot be detected by PCR. In the synonymous mutation, which does not change the amino acid, the trait of the virus remains the same. However, it is not detected by PCR. This indicates that there is a limit to performing PCR tests to prevent the spread of infection. Mutations in the gene of 5% or more are more likely to be undetectable by PCR. Basically, PCR cannot be used to detect RNA viruses with many mutations.
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