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放棄思考就是一種惡
3 years ago
99
【漢娜・鄂蘭】不思考的平庸,造就出邪惡與地獄
漢娜問學生,那些最邪惡的事情,根源於人類的自私嗎?她想了好久?她認為不全然是因為自私。而是「thoughless」沒有思考能力的平庸。邪惡的平庸性(the banality of evil,或譯平庸的邪惡)可說是鄂蘭最有名的概念。她一輩子都在思考善惡的根本。
她說「你有知識,並不代表你有思考的能力。這是兩種不同的能力。」
這次審訊帶給我們的啟示是:邪惡就是不聞不問,更邪惡的是為了利益而出賣同胞。「猶太人竟然自己與納粹一起制訂待殺的猶太人名單,書中有這樣一句:『留下的是有權有勢的人,無權無勢的就送去地獄。』在事件後,很多人德國人以身為德國人為恥辱,但鄂蘭卻以身為人類為恥辱,她說:『人,是人類最大的包袱、負擔。』她的思想是世界性的,而不只關注民族(猶太人)的問題。」
多數人並沒有發覺,但我們實際正處在新納粹的時代,因此對於漢娜鄂蘭與彭霍費爾(詳影片介紹)的想法更是能感同身受,即放棄思考就是一種惡。
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