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簡單知識 為什麼幾十萬字的長篇巨著也只能叫小說而不是大說
3 years ago
2
在小說這類文學作品中,有很多大部頭的著作,尤其是那些經典名著,動輒十幾萬,甚至幾十萬字,不論是按篇幅,還是按反映的主題,都應將其叫“大說”才對,但是為什麼要叫“小說”呢?
“小說”一詞最早見於《莊子·外物》:“飾小說以乾縣令,其於大達亦遠矣。”
這裡的“小說”是指“瑣屑之言”,而不是什麼“大道”。漢代史學家班固也認為小說是“街談巷語,道聽途說者之所造也”。中國最早的小說被認為是先秦古籍《山海經》,內容涉及歷史、地理、神話、生物等諸多方面,記載了上古時代的許多傳說,語言生動,情節離奇,讀後讓人回味無窮。按照莊子和班固的說法,因為裡面沒有講什麼修身治國的“大道”,所以被認為是“小說”而不是“大說”。經過歷朝歷代的發展,到了近現代,雖然小說的內容越來越豐富,題材越來越廣泛,作品數量也越來越多,佔據了文學藝術的半壁江山,但“小說”的名稱卻一直沿用了下來。
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